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::: What is Diagnostic Medical Sonography? :::
Diagnostic Medical Sonography or “ultrasound” as most people know it, is a form of medical imaging that uses sound waves rather than x-rays (ionizing radiation) to produce images of organs and systems inside of the body. This procedure is used to closely examine many parts of the body, most commonly the abdomen, the heart, the female reproductive system, the prostate and the vascular system.
Images are made using a small device called a transducer. The transducer is placed on the patient’s body and moved in various directions while sending high frequency sound waves into a specific area. The transducer then detects and records echoes or signals received back from organs, tissue and vessels. Different structures in the body reflect these sound waves in different ways. A specialized computer then processes these signals into images that can be read on a screen and recorded on paper, video or CD. The Diagnostic Medical Sonographer operates the transducer. A radiologist (a medical doctor specializing in radiology) then analyzes the differences in the sound waves and interprets the images in order to make a diagnosis. Sonography is used to diagnose and treat heart and vascular diseases and is also used in needle biopsies and surgical procedures. Typically, the procedure takes between 15 and 30 minutes.
::: Common Uses :::
Evaluating the development of the fetus during pregnancy, diagnosis and staging in oncology patients, guidance in various biopsy and interventional medical procedures.
::: Primary Functions :::
- explaining the procedure to the patient and answering questions;
- positioning the patient on the examining table, and
- using the transducer to obtain images and a specialized computer to capture the images;
- using judgment to recognize the need to extend the procedure to obtain more accurate images.
The Diagnostic Medical Sonographer must be able to make distinctions between objects within an image and have the ability to use judgment in analyzing information. Other skills that are necessary in this profession are excellent communication and patient care skills.
::: Recipe for Success :::
Sonography is a very “hands on” profession. A good Sonographer is someone who is comfortable working up-close with people and having contact with the patient’s body; and can easily explain the procedure to patients and put them at ease. Most importantly, the Diagnostic Medical Songrapher must have excellent hand-eye coordination, agility, and a great deal of manual dexterity.
::: Subspecialties :::
Sonographers may specialize in examining specific areas of the body. Each specialty requires additional training.
Neuro sonography – the brain
Cardiac sonography (or EchoCardiography) – the heart
Ophthalmic sonography – the eyes
Obstetrical/gynecological sonography – pregnant and non pregnant uterus
Vascular sonography – blood vessels
::: Work Environment :::
Most Diagnostic Medical Sonographers work a 40 hour week, though part-time positions and flexible schedules may be available with various employers. It is common for sonographers to work evening and weekend shifts or on-call hours. Sonographers must be able to lift and turn patients and assist them on and off the examination table.
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers are exposed to blood and bodily fluids, although the risks are minimized by the use of special clothing and gloves.
As in many health care settings, the work environment is often fast-paced, with many patients being seen in a day. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers work in hospitals, imaging centers, clinics and private medial offices. Experienced Sonographers may also branch out into other areas such as administration, research, teaching, sales and marketing.
::: Earning Potential :::
The median salary for a Sonographer in the New England region is approximately $60,000 per year plus excellent benefits. The median salary for Sonographers nationally is $52,500.
::: Basic Educational Requirements :::
- High school diploma or GED (it is useful to have a concentration in mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology.)
- A two year Associate’s degree in Diagnostic Medical Sonography
- A two year Associate’s degree in Radiologic Technology followed by a one year certificate in Ultrasound. Radiologic technologist programs focus on anatomy, patient positioning, examination techniques, equipment protocols, radiation safety and protection and patient care.
- Sonography is separate and distinct from Radiology. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers are certified by the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. A person may become certified by successful completion of an approved program and passing the Commission on the Accreditation of Allied Health Programs. The following Sonography programs are accredited in Massachusetts:
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